2009年9月28日星期一

Great Wall


The Great Wall built by a long history and vast majestic works, is the world's rare miracle. Less than the Great Wall of non-hero. Great Wall, west, south staggered, long-volt in our great motherland vast land. It looks like a dragon, climb towering mountains, across the vast expanse of grasslands, across the vast deserts, plunging toward the sea. According to historical literature, there are more than 20 countries and the feudal dynasty princes had built the Great Wall, if we built the Great Wall at all times combined, about 10 more than thousands of miles. Where Qin, Han and Ming dynasties 3 the length of the Great Wall of repair in excess of one thousands of miles. Now China's Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have the ancient Great Wall, peak remains of the fire station. Of which only the Great Wall of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region reached more than 30,000 years.



Ming Dynasty in the "outside" the Great Wall, he also built the "inside edge" the Great Wall and the "three barriers within the" Great Wall. Numbers "off" by the Northern Qi Dynasty built the Great Wall to the basis, starting at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, west side off the east via Yanmenguan, Flat Zhu Guan into Hebei, and then off to the northeast, by the source, Fangshan, Changping Morogata, direct Juyongguan, and then from the north and east, to the appeasement of the four customs, with the "outside" the Great Wall connecting to zijingguan as the center, roughly into a north-south. "Within three off the" Great Wall in many places, and the "inside edge" Great Wall in parallel, in some places two cities separated by only tens of years. In addition, it built a large number of "heavy city." Yanmenguan in the vicinity of "heavy city" there are as many as 24!
The Great Wall is the working people in ancient China to create a miracle. Since the emperor began construction of the Great Wall has been a major project. It is recorded that the emperor used the Great Wall, built nearly one million workers, accounting for the country's population of 1 / 20! At that time there is no machinery, in addition to transport soil, bricks can be donkeys, goats can climb the livestock, all have to rely on human labor and the working environment is high mountains, the cliffs Shenhe. One can imagine, there is no large groups of people work hard and is unable to complete this enormous project.



The Great Wall of work performed, according to a rough estimate, only construction of the Ming Dynasty, for example, hence its masonry, earth-moving with the construction of a 1 meter thick, high walls of 5 meters, that could revolve around the Earth more than a week. If used for paving a wide and 5 meters thick, 35 cm of the road, it will be able to orbit the earth in the 34 weeks. If all the dynasties of the revised total of 10 Miles to calculate, then this could be a head wall around the earth more than ten weeks, this road could be around the earth thirty or forty weeks.

"As to the terrain, with the insurance system, plug" is an important experience of the Great Wall built in the emperor's time has definitely put it down, it Sima Qian writes, "Historical Records" at home. Each subsequent construction of the Great Wall are a dynasty carried out in accordance with this principle. Where are all built off the city passes the merits of choosing between two mountains and valleys, or rivers at the turn. Hirakawa, or exchanges must be passed through, so that both control the strategically located and difficult, but also to save manpower and materials to achieve, "Kazuo When closed, Wan Fu Mo open" effect. Beacon is also built castles, or choose to "look around the office to be" As for building a wall, but also the full use of the land terrain, such as the Juyongguan, Badaling Great Wall has built along the ridges of the spine, and some sections from the wall Lateral looked very precarious, and the inside have great was flat revenue "is easily defensible" effect. In Liaoning, the territory of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall of Liaodong the town there is a known dangerous mountain wall, the wall off hilltops, is to use cliff a little to what has become Piqiao cliffs the Great Wall. There are some places take full advantage of cliff cliffs, rivers and lakes as a natural barrier, I really can say that nature's intricate work of the
 Great Wall, as a great project to become a valuable heritage of the Chinese nation.



The location of the Great Wall

The Great Wall is located in the northern part of China, it Shanhaiguan in Bohai Bay, Hebei Province, east, west to Jiayuguan in Gansu Province inland areas. Trans-Hebei, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and other seven provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and total length of about 6,700 kilometers, with about 13300 years, to help in the world, the "Great Wall" reputation.

Great Wall History

The Great Wall in north China, began in the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, and Yan Three Kingdoms. Why do they want to build such a sparsely populated north to spend a huge human and material resources of the Great Wall? This is exactly at the time of the Great Wall played what role? What is value? This article will discuss some views on these issues for you for scholars for reference.


1, Qin, Zhao, Yan why built the Great Wall in the north

Qin Zhao Why the Great Wall built in the north, which talk about the situation from the Warring States period. Warring States period, China's Yellow River region of the Yangtze River from the slave to feudal society, a period of change. Between countries with political and economic relations strengthened, Zhu Xia culture and the Qin, Chu, Wu, the more cultural exchanges and integration, unified trend is increasingly strong. It was then the feudal reform Wei, Zhao, Han, Chu, Qi, Qin, Yan Qi powerful country after the war to acquire, and seek to force to achieve reunification of the Yellow River, Yangtze River area. At this time, northern Shaanxi, Northern Shanxi, northern Hebei Province and Inner Mongolia steppe on the various ethnic minorities are also strong, continuous looting Qin, Zhao, Yan three northern border. Qin north, there is justice drainage, but also the North for the Huns; northwest Zhao Lin Hu, Lou Fan, north front of clothes ragged garments, the Huns; Yan Guo Hu northern boundary of the East. The minority regime in the north, in addition to justice in agricultural drainage, the other are nomadic, hunting for their livelihood. Yi Qu Northwest Loess Plateau on the power, since the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period and the Qin to compete over a hundred years. Huns, Eastern Hu nomads such as the military is even more high-quality, operational capability. According to "Historical Records • Hun Biography," it reads: Huns to the nomadic, hunting, livestock to horses, cattle, sheep for a maximum, followed by camels, donkeys, mules and so on. They are "by aquatic plants migration, Wu castle Chang Department, till the fields of industry. They nevertheless have their own subdivision." Man from an early age to learn riding and shooting. "Children can ride sheep, bows and shoot niaoshu; little long, then the fire fox rabbit; used as food." Thus, one to an adult, "do for a ride." The occasion of the Warring States Period, the Huns have entered the slave society, and with the institutions of state power. King called the Chanyu, under which home left, Youxian Wang, left, right Valley calabash King, left, right generals, left, right big Commandery, left and right big when the family left and right bones were Hou, Chuzuo, You Xianwang, the other ministers are hereditary. Dong Hu, Lin Hu, front of clothes ragged garments, loufan with the Huns basically the same.
Because of the Huns, the East, Hu and other stages in the slave society, so they like Greece and Rome as slave ruling group, specializing in stolen slaves and neighboring communities, neighboring property, the whole country into a huge war machine . Huns of the vulgar, "then wide with the animals, because animals living Shooters industry, anxious to attack the war to invade human learning expedition." War has become part of their life is seen as the cause of honor. "The soldiers were Gongshi long and short soldiers were knives, □ (entry by Note: The pronunciation of good, mix water with clay left the Department of Agrarian Reform as a gold)." Its operations, the "benefit is forward, negative is retired, not shame Dunzou." "uprising while waiting Xingyue, month Sheng Zhuang is necessary condition for battles, monthly deficit is retreat." In war, who were beheaded Prize, "thanks to a goblet of wine and the brine was due to the I's, may people think that slaves. Therefore, its war, since the interest of everyone to benefit. "Good for luring soldiers and attack, the enemy dared to take the impact," see the enemy while his fame and fortune like a bird set, the collapse of its storm clouds, scattered Baize carry on. "Because they come as a galloping horse, to Rujian hair, so impossible to defend.



Since the mid-Warring States period, they have been looting the Qin, Zhao, Yan three northern regions. Because they are good at riding and shooting, longer than the field, taking sudden attack, to come and go erratic and unpredictable, showing a strong combat capabilities. The Qin, Zhao, and Yan in the Warring States combat troops are mainly mid-infantry and vehicles, dressed in undress big sleeves of clothing, move slowly, Japanese-line 30 - 50 years, naturally can not stop the Huns, Eastern Hu's attacks and looting. This is not only the three northern part of people's lives and property were seriously imperiled, the production was severely damaged, but also greatly affected the three countries reunification. In view of this passive situation, the three countries have been conducted Military System reform and the construction of the Great Wall in the north.

Qin Shang Yang's start from the Reform to implement Fuguojiangbing. Gradually changed into the army infantry and cavalry, and to military medals on the rewards and promotions, so the army fighting strength, invincible. Hui-wen WANG six years (before 332), and ten years, Wei has defeated to win WEI Xi River Shire (now Shaanxi Luo River basin) and Kamigori (now Shaanxi Province north-east) to. Thirteen years (formerly 225), so that Zhang Yi Zhu Kamigori plug to prevent the North Lin Hu, Loufan southward invasion. Then, another massive attack on justice sewers, so subservient. To zhao WANG, Xuan-Yi Qu Wang Empress induced to Oasis (now the Northwest ganquanshan Chunhua County in Shaanxi), kill, destroy justice revolted drainage, home to the North County. As a result, the northern state of Qin gradually phase in the Hun. In order to prevent the Huns who swept the South, zhao WANG ordered in Longxi, the North, the Kamigori built the Great Wall north of the border, and sending troops stationed.
Zhao Yu-Wu-ling WANG Nineteen years (formerly 307), when the reform of Military System, the implementation of Hu Fu riding and shooting. Since then, troops Sui-Qiang. Two decades, Wu-ling WANG Lin Hu to the West a little, to Yuzhong (now the eastern part of Inner Mongolia Hetao Plain); Lin Hu Wang Xian Ma surrendered before they return after victory and return. Twenty-six years (formerly 300), breaking Zhongshan, throw into confusion in the north to Yan, on behalf of the (now in northern Shanxi Province), also the northwest antipodes to the cloud, nine of the original (now Inner Mongolia Helingeer County to the uga River area). As a result, ordered the building the Great Wall, since the generation and Yinshan (now Inner Mongolia, big mountains, Ulat Hill) and the West, reaching as far as river (today's Inner Mongolia uga River), while the home District, Yamanashi, Yanmen, clouds in the county, to prevent the Huns pillaged south . In order to specialize in the northwest, the following year, he let his son in the King Wen Hui Ho, since the father of the main numbers. Hui-wen WANG years (formerly 297), the main father of a generation, to Nishikawa (now Shanxi, Inner Mongolia between the Yellow River), breaking Lou Fan Bing Wang extent which rendered it.



Yan Guo is the Seven Warring States in the weakest one country, the south and the new starting strong Qi Zhao, north east are forced to Hu. Until Yanzhao Wang came to the throne (formerly 311) after, who had become, the recruitment of national wise and competent people carry out reforms, Yan State was strong and prosperous. The time-dong Hu powerful, often swept the South in the northern region of Yan. Yan Jun order to maintain the tranquility of the north, east, Hu, Wang was forced to make peace, but to big for the hostages. Zhao WANG, Qin Kai quality in East Hu, his brave and resourceful, and even the letter of East King Hu and therefore freedom of movement, able to understand the mountains south of East Hu advantageous, deployed with the military activities of the law of the situation. After returning, that the rate of force struck the Eastern Hu, big break of the East more than a thousand years, Hu has to. Also the "degree of Liaodong and conquer North Korea," antipodes to Pei water (now North Korea chongchon-gang). Then, the "Great Wall of Yan Yi Zhu, self-made yang (now Kangbao County of Hebei Province and Inner Mongolia Taibus County) to Xiangping; home on the Valley, Yuyang, right Peking, western Liaoning, Liaodong county to refuse to Hu."


To sum up, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan reason why the Great Wall built in the north, which aims to defend against the Huns, swept the South East, Hu.

The Great Wall is by the city, Fort evolved. As a military defense project on the city, Fort, as early as the late primitive commune began. Because it an effective defensive role into a class society then, has been in development in general. The Great Wall, first appeared in the spring and autumn, such as the city of Chu Fang (Nanyang, Henan Province in this area). To the Warring States Period, WEI Xi River County, there is the Great Wall, Chao zhang shui on the Great Wall and Zhongshan west of the country are the Great Wall, Yan Yasumizu are the Great Wall of Qi Tai Shan mountain range along the Great Wall. The Great Wall, in the war have played a significant role. The quick action of the northern nomadic cavalry, whereabouts and inscrutable, Asian countries, whether infantry or cavalry, they can not stop them from attacks and looting. Only built the Great Wall, together with the garrison defending it possible to prevent them from South plunder. Only the Great Wall built in the north in order to deploy the main forces for the far and wide on the merger between the war and to defend the war in order to complete the great cause of reunification.


2, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, the value of


Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, as a military defense works, how the war played what role? Frankly speaking, with regard to its role, especially in the Qin Great Wall Great Wall and the role of Yan, historical literature and almost none were few records of Zhao Great Wall. This is not to say that they do not play any role? Not. On the contrary, illustrates the three countries to build the Great Wall, the Huns, the East Hu, know no sweep across the Great Wall, the South, the Great Wall in military defense played an important role.

We all know, zhao WANG, when is the period of Qin, one of the fastest expanding territory. If the north does not build the Great Wall, Qin army must be stationed in an important presence in the north channel and passes to prevent the powerful Huns swept the South, how can the deployment of troops continue to defeat the six countries of the coalition forces occupying large tracts of land then the six countries? Can be seen that Xiu Qin Great Wall, the only small contingent of troops stationed in the south will be able to prevent the Xiongnu. If the Hun army southward, due to the Great Wall defense, sometimes not easy to break; while Qindu short walk away from Xianyang, on the 1st night, two or three days and nights you can go to save, therefore, the Huns did not dare south, self-defeating. In short, since Qinzhao Wang built the Great Wall after the Huns had not stolen the south, which illustrates the role of the Great Wall in military defense.

As for Zhao Great Wall, due to construction in the Yinshan (now big mountains, Ula Shandong South) at the foot, multi-system with soil Hang Zhu, poor quality, but close to the Huns, so the beginning is often the Huns attacking army. Although the presence of army Zhao defense, against the initiative out of the city, but eat defeat. When King Xiang Zhao Mourning (former 224 - before 236), Zhao border tired, defeated by the Huns, the North tight, so, sent to the Great Wall command of army generals, Mu-defense. Mourning for King Xiang Li Mu Shu Li cheap appointment and removal of privileges, and the clouds, Yanmen, Northern District, Yamanashi as the business tax and land tax for the Mu-dominated military. Li Mu will be headquartered in Yanmen under the Great Wall north of the county to the East and West anaphora. He favors warriors, Japan and kill a few cows to improve the food; daily to teach officers and men to practice riding and shooting, reward outstanding persons; strictly Beacon, and continue to send spies to understand the movements of the Huns; he ordered the army: "Huns to have stolen, all the soldiers cattle, sheep, insured up immediately the Great Wall, there are those who dare to catch Krupp chop! "Huns to invade each, because the flames of strict, and prior knowledge of the message, Zhao Guojun China will close the Great Wall of livestock insured. Less than Huns pillage and livestock, finance, had to retreat. So a few years, although not defeat the Huns, but no Wang Shi Zhao. Huns as well as Zhao living on the frontiers, all believe that Li Mu cowardice, zhaowang also blamed Li Mu; and Li Mu remain the same. Zhaowang anger, posters, animal husbandry, Hui Zhao, to be replaced by another. The new strategy will take engaged; Hun every years, he led his troops to attack, a few lost. More than a year's time, the officers and men a lot of casualties, the north can not be grazing. Zhaowang there is no alternative but to keep out of the Great Wall and then invited Li Mu. Li Mu said the disease, Truman could not and refused to assist. Zhaowang Naiqiang from animal husbandry, animal husbandry and integration so that soldiers guarding the north. Li Mu right zhaowang said: "The king must use me, and I still take the former strategy, you agree, I dare ordered." Zhaowang had to agree. Li Mu to the Great Wall, as before is about. Few years, the Huns gain. Ran the final with Li Mu as scared. Zhao Bian soldiers "day rather than rewarding are all ready a war." As a result, Mu-1300 is an election chariot, Jingji 13000, and choose the escapement will be able to break the enemy of the people with 100 gold, 50,000, 100,000 people were Shanshe, training and operations. Excel at later, then great vertical livestock. The Great Wall north of humans and animals everywhere. Hun smell it, they come to loot. A small income, animal husbandry and then feign defeat, to some of the livestock committee. Chanyu overjoyed, then the rate of dumping of the country Sagittarius south. Li Mu pre-set an ambush, Zhang left-right pincer attack, big-breaking 10 thousand Huns riding, Chanyu Luohuang defeated, run away away north. Since then more than 10 years, the Huns did not dare close Zhao Great Wall. Zhao Cheng-sheng eliminate front of clothes ragged garments, breaking the East Hu, descending Lin Hu. As a result, Zhao north of quiet, the people live and work. From here, we can clearly see the Great Wall in military defense, Zhao's role.
Yan State in building the Great Wall before, in order to maintain peace in the north, had a strong east to make peace, Hu and to big for the hostages. This humiliating way to make peace, not make a complete cessation of the South East, Hu sweep. Since the Yanzhao Wang Qin Kai when the big hit east Hu Jun, Dong Wu North has more than a thousand years, and to build the Great Wall, the Eastern Hu did not dare to sweep south, the north was no flame of the Yan State Police, the people also produce only place to live. It also shows that the Great Wall in military defense Yan's a great role.


Qinmo early Han Dynasty, the Huns by the Central Plains of war, crossed the Great Wall built by Qin Meng Tian, rehabilitation to the Warring States and Han Qin, Zhao, Yan is bounded by the Great Wall. This state of disrepair due to the Great Wall, the North defenders scarce, therefore, a powerful Hun continue to enter the Great Wall within the looting, has been deep into on behalf of the Valley, Taiyuan, Nishikawa, Kamigori, such as the North County, the Han emperor, Hui Di, Emperor Wen, Ching-ti was forced to take on the Huns and the pro-policy; marry a princess to Chanyu for Hsiungnu (ie, queen), and gives a lot of property. However, the Great Wall is such a dilapidated, but also to some extent played the role of military defense force, if not the Huns, generally can not enter the Great Wall of looting. Secondly, if Morimasa effective, even though some Hun army, no admission to the Great Wall. "Han • Guang-Chuan": Ching-ti, the broad "as the Valley Prefecture, several wars with the Huns." Huns never entered the Great Wall from here. Wu Di, Hanan State Tuen Yuyang County, for the Huns are defeated; believers (entry by Note: This word suspected resettlement) Tuen right Peking, but also the number of lost. Emperor are denominated in the wide right-Peking Prefecture. "Hiromori right Peking, dread of the Huns, Hao Yue 'Han-General of the fly', to avoid the several-year-old was afraid to enter the right Peiping." Wide after a few out of the Great Wall Expedition Huns. This shows that the role of the Warring States period Yan Great Wall is still defensive. Cheng did not know the name will also abide by the Great Wall, and Guang-par, he was very strict military at any time defense Hun raids, the Huns did not dare to commit, also shows that the Great Wall played a certain role in the Warring States period. Subsequently Weiqing, Huo, Kung-sun Ho, Gong Sunao attack such as the Huns, are Zhao, Qin Great Wall for the attack retreated to the main stronghold. This indicates that, until the early Western Han Dynasty, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall continued to play the role of military defense, even though it had been much better defensive capabilities of the Warring States period. Until the Han Dynasty after the Huns arrived Mobei, repair, Meng Tian of the Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall and the construction outside the Great Wall, this Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall was only to give up its military defense role comes to an end.

Third, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall and the reality of the value of historical value

Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall has great historical value, first of all, it shows that only built the Great Wall, plus a certain number of troops in order to prevent the northern nomadic horsemen lightning attacks. There is no Great Wall, even though a large number of infantry and cavalry, still can not be defensive. Warring States period of history has proved this point. Because the Great Wall is an effective military defense project, which was subsequently adopted by the emperor. Qin Shi Huang after the expulsion of the Huns to the Mobei ordered the immediate construction of a new Great Wall Mengtian.
Second, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, and Yan have built the Great Wall, is quite scientific, it is basically the use of strategically located and difficult situation, mountains and rivers, built in the Pass and the plains areas, were built high thick walls, cut off the Huns, the East Hu cavalry out of the way . In addition to the Great Wall, the inside and outside the high ground also has a beacon towers, and enemy reconnaissance and impart information, so that troops stationed on the Great Wall to prepare; in traffic intersection, and Taniguchi, were built barrier city, sending troops stationed in order to strengthen the defensive capacity of the Great Wall . The Great Wall within the distance intervals are built garrison cities and have a swift passage of information communication network so that a unified command and mutual support. This three Great Wall and the beacon tower, and obstacles, the city and other supporting buildings, constitute a complete set of military defense systems. The military defense system is in line with scientific, defense is effective. It later provided a model for the military defense project. Meng Tian of the Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall, although the entire department a new, but it is clear that he is in the light of the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, based on the design of the building, and at the same time in each other. For example, he used mountains and terrain, because of its dangerous and difficult to build the city built barrier. He put the Great Wall built in the mountains above, as far as possible the use of ridges, peaks and ridges of the city, so that can not cross the Xiongnu; make full use of rivers as barriers, as far as possible the Great Wall was built in the north of the river, depriving the enemy of water. In the hills, plains, then built into a tall wall, or earth and rock built folders, or earth Hang Zhu, while the sections of combining into an imposing Great Wall, north and south cut off the dragon. Qin Great Wall beacon towers, the Great Wall has improved compared with the three countries, are the Great Wall built in the hills outside the open, and according to the terrain, every 10 years, 20 years, 30 years there is a. Impaired the city also has improved the traffic junction or Taniguchi, have built two north-south barrier city. Large forces stationed in the city, all built in the south of the Great Wall, and closely linked with the Great Wall. Can be said that the Qin Great Wall of building the highly scientific nature, is the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, the inheritance and development of building system.


Finally, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall of historical value, not only of the more than 2200 years ago, the Chinese nation's great spirit, but also shows the Chinese people were the height of wisdom, and superb level of military science, a high level of scientific culture.

Three Great Wall also has great practical value. First of all, the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese nation, the spirit of indomitable courage, will inspire us in our fear of rape, are not afraid of difficulties and obstacles, to build our great motherland, and climb the heights of science, to our great motherland into a highly prosperous country.

Second, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall and the underground cultural relics, is the study of the Warring States Period treasure trove of information on military history. In today's war still continues, and China is still the threat of war situation, the study of the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall, still has great practical value.
Third, the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan Great Wall ruins, is a natural changes along the Great Wall of historical testimony. From its rupture, erosion, washed away the degree, you can understand the different stages of ancient earthquakes, sand, mud-rock flow was studied. We understand that the law of these changes, we can take effective preventive measures.


Finally, in the Warring States Period, Qin, Zhao, Yan along the Great Wall, there are many tourist attractions, the tourist attractions, the vast majority has not yet been developed. If developed, a great wealth of our soldiers, and is inexhaustible wealth. I believe that it will contribute to the motherland's construction.

The role of the Great Wall is now

Xiong Zhi earth to the Great Wall in northern China as an intermediary posed by the North-South wide geographic area, the Great Wall zone, across the current, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong and Jilin, Heilongjiang, Qinghai , Xinjiang and other provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) and a considerable part of the region, but also in this historical period, the Mongolian People's Republic and the Korean peninsula, a number of areas. Hundreds of kilometers north-south width of its scope and even thousands of kilometers from east to west about thousands of kilometers. The Great Wall has lived with since the ancient times with a large number of ethnic groups and their mutual relations, is to observe and understand the Great Wall with the key to everything.

In the course of historical development, the Great Wall with the ancient nation, some disappeared, some new integration of ethnic another generation, they are with today's distributed in the Great Wall more than 20 nationalities with a close relationship between the origin. Whether or have disappeared since the continued development of all peoples, all of China's historical development has made important contributions.

The Great Wall is China's development of relations between the product of ancient people, but for the Great Wall north-south ethnic relations of the inner law of development research is not sufficient. Summary of existing research results, broaden the field of study, the Great Wall of China reveals the intrinsic link the development of ethnic relations, for the Great Wall, ethnology and the history of ethnic relations in China such as the development of interdisciplinary research, for the promotion of national unity are of great practical significance and important theoretical research value.

The Great Wall with the economic structure and ethnic patterns

Economic and cultural structure of China's special geographic position and topographic features posed by the physical environment, climate characteristics, determines the ancient Chinese mainland economy, culture and things that can be divided into two main areas and three zones of the natural north-south layout. Something that the two zones north Xing'an by Yanshan, Yin Shan, Helan Mountain, Minshan to the cross-sectional line Mountains, east of the agricultural economic development in the region, the West is animal husbandry (small rooms have valley or oasis agriculture) economic development area . 3 with the Qinling Mountains in the south of the Huaihe River as the paddy fields, agricultural economic development zone; Qinling Mountains in the north of the Huaihe River to the Yin Mountains, south and north-east, Yanshan plain dry crops, agricultural economic development zone, north of Yin Shan, Helan Mountains to the west of the economic development of animal husbandry zone. Two districts with three natural layout, composition of ancient China in agriculture, animal husbandry and the two economic and cultural types. Includes the entire Great Wall with the economic development of rainfed agriculture and animal husbandry with most of the economic development zone, constitutes a complete stand-alone economies. Economy to the agricultural economy based on agriculture, animal husbandry is an important complement to the two economies are interdependent and complement each other. Culture to culture as the leading farming, agriculture, animal husbandry and mutual penetration and absorption of the two cultures, and constantly convergence and radiation. In the course of historical development, agriculture, first developed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the entire China's agricultural economy and culture, Fuxin, and become the country's economic and cultural convergence center. Economic zone in the whole animal, since the Xing'an west Yinshan steppes of Inner Mongolia, north, by virtue of exceptional conditions for the development of animal husbandry into economic and cultural Fuxin. Wall sit fall of these two economic and cultural interchange Fuxin's natural, it is certainly a product of the economic development foundation. Great Wall not only will

Two kinds of economic, cultural and separated, in turn two kinds of economic, cultural and unite together.
The national pattern of the national pattern of always reflect the ecological structure of geography. Two major economic and cultural formation of Fuxin, the nation marked the two systems shape. Western Zhou dynasties, the Great Wall of the agricultural area south of the formation of the Chinese nation, near the Great Wall to the south of the Yellow River middle and lower reaches, economic and cultural leader, established as the mainstay of early Han powerful feudal Qin unified multi-ethnic empire; the Great Wall north of the pastoral areas, but also in the late Warring States to form a Hun tribe as the main body of the multi-ethnic unity of the Huns slavery regime. The construction of the Great Wall became a symbol of ancient Chinese nationalities have formed. The Qin and Han's long-term unity, forged the prototype of the pattern of diversity and unity of the Chinese nation. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Huns, Zuben, Qiang, Dong Hu, Wuhuan and Xianbei, Turks and Uighurs, party items and Khitan, Jurchen, Mongolia, the Great Wall and other ancient peoples repeatedly convergence zone, Zhuluzhongyuan, forming the ancient national development one after another peak, to conduct a sub-national integration, in the integration, development process, a number of national entities disappeared, but also some of the birth of a new national entity. To the Yuan, Ming and later, the Great Wall with the modern times, the formation of modern national entity has to form the Great Wall with the contemporary national pattern of diversity and unity.

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